Why does the elimination chemical mechanism occur? [closed]

Why does the elimination chemical mechanism occur? [closed] 图片 1
Why does the elimination chemical mechanism occur? [closed] 图片 2
Why does the elimination chemical mechanism occur? [closed] 图片 3
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I will review the chemical mechanisms I know.

Nucleophilic addition (an electron rich atom gives to an electron poor atom).
Use formal charge first and then if necessary oxidation state and electronegativity. Classify one molecule as the nucleophile and the other the electrophile. (Must have a lone pair to donate electrons/ be electron rich). Use octet rule after adding the electrons to electrophile (dump the new electrons on the most electronegative neighbor of the electron receiver atom if it is over the octet).

Leaving group(large Delta electronegativity between atoms leads to a leaving group departure)

Carbocation rearrangement (Hydride and methyl shifts) stabilize the carbocation by moving a CH3 or H from C+ neighboring atoms.

Elimination reaction a base or acid results in the nucleophile attacking an H instead of the carbocation or most positive atom. This is how to make double bonds (elimination: bases double bond). Basically the difference between a nucleophile and a Base. Strong nucleophiles/ bases are SN2/E2, weak are SN1/E1. Strong nucleophiles/bases can attack at the same time as LG (leaving group) departure. Also consider the solvent (always but stereotypically here. Consider solvent POLARITY first and foremost. and self decomposition OH- H+ and how that relates to solvation).

Addition reactions a double bond is electron dense and reacts with an electrophile. The bond is shifted from one of the ends (preference to creating the more stable carbocation tertiary>secondary>primary when shifting the bond)

There's also single electron transfer for organometallics and cyclical ring rearrangements.

But just focusing on the basics. Why does elimination happen? What is it's connection to solvation and self decomposition of the solvent? I can calculate the partial charge by hand using electronegativity weighted average formal charge or just use the formal charge. So why does elimination happen? Why does the nucleophile attack the H instead of the atom with the highest charge? All the other mechanisms make sense and when it doesn't it's always explained by multiple Lewis structure/resonance stabilized/ hyperconjugation stability argument and steric hindrance/inaccessible argument. (Special note sometimes resonance unstabilized for radical Lewis structures like tautorimization)

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