NTFS

In the previous article , we explored ext4—a filesystem that divides the disk into block groups and separates metadata from data, with inodes in one place and file content in another.

NTFS takes a radically different approach. In NTFS, everything is a file—the allocation bitmap, the journal, even the Master File Table that tracks all the other files. This single idea shapes the entire design: the same mechanisms that store your documents also store the filesystem’s own bookkeeping.